Answers
When trying to detect the pH of very pure water, the pH electrode gives a very unstable reading. I know buffer solutions can help stabilise pH but I am not really sure how they work and whether they would help in a very pure water system.
Buffer solutions work because there is a buffer that releases Hydrogen or Hydroxide, or accept one or the other or both. Basically this means that when you increase the number of Hydrogen ions present in a solution a buffer will start accepting hydrogen ions and also giving off hydroxide ions to keep the ph constant. Or if the solution becomes alkolotic it will start accepting OH ions and giving off hydrogen ions. This keeps the solution from changing ph very much. Lets say you have an ammount of water ph of 7. You have a buffer in the water. You then add enough acid to the water(enough acid to normally lower the ph to 3) but it only lowers the Ph to 6.8, still very close to 7. You then decide to take fresh water with buffer and add a base enough to raise the Ph in unbuffered water to 11. The Ph in the buffered water raises to 7.2. As you can see the ph does change when you add acid or base but it changes very little when you have a buffer. A classic example of a buffer system is your own body's bicarbonate, carbonic acid system. You can see how that works by clicking on the link. Very pure de ionized water has very little ion concentration and is therefore hard to measure. Assume PH of 7.
Introducing the Green Machine an environmentally friendly product that collects clean pure water that condenses on your residential central air ...
I am frequent traveller and love to travel by road to remote places. Some time I face problems in procuring clean drinking water in such areas. Bottled water is either not available or is of some unknown brand that you cannot trust. I therefore need some device which can deliver appx 10 bottles of drinking water a day using electricity or car battery. System should be light weight, small in size and easily portable.
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This one on Amazon is really nice:
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Good luck!
we are preparing expirement for freezing water some friends saying that the freezing point for very pure water is not the same as pure water
pure water freezes at 0 degree,raising to 4 degree for normal water ......
www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen99/gen99810.htm
This is for a science (specifically Chemistry) lab we were doing. Our teacher brought out a beaker with a muddy mix of water and dirt, telling us to try and seperate the dirt from water and produce as much pure water as possible. We have access to all the equipment at school, like the bunsen burners, beakers and such. He instructed us to create an original way to filter out the dirt. We are allowed to bring materials or supplies from home, although he suggested not to bring coffee filters as that isn't very original... and I have been brainstorming with no conclusions. Any suggestions or cool ideas?
Make a water still. Separate the pure water from the dirt through distillation, either by evaporation (slow) or by heating it to boiling (fast). Have the pure water vapor condense and drip into a clean unsealed flask.
Seal your flask of muddy water with a stopper with a hole in it. Attach tubing to the flask through the stopper. Arrange the tubing so that it goes to a much higher level (try at least 1 foot), then loosely coil it downward and have the open end inside a clean empty flask that is not sealed (you don't want to build up pressure that might explode the flasks, so make sure the tubing is not kinked and the flask is open to air.) Heat the muddy water over a bunsen burner to boiling. The water vapor that escapes will travel up through your tubing and when cooled by the lower temperature of the air around the coiled tubing, it will condense back into water and drip into your clean flask, giving you fairly pure water.
give the specific gravitiy of ice is 0.92, the specific gravity of water is 1.00, waht fraction of the volume of the ice cube in a glass of pure water will be above the surface? if you used slat water with a specific gravity of 1.03, what fraction of the volume of the ice cube would be above the surface? please show your work and any formula you used. thank you very much.
Icebergs float because the density of ice (around 900 kg per cubic meter) is lower than that of seawater (around 1025 kg per cubic meter). The ratio of these densities tells us that 7/8 of the iceberg's mass must be below water, 1/8 above water.
Icebergs float because the density of ice (around 900 kg per cubic meter) is lower than that of fresh water (around 1000 kg per cubic meter). The ratio of these densities tells us that 9/10 of the iceberg's mass must be below water, 1/10 above water.
groundviews » Life in Udappu, a traditional Tamil fishing hamlet ...
By Dushiyanthini Kanagasabapathipillai
“Udappu” is situated between the Dutch Canal in the East, Indian Ocean in the West, Poonaipitty village in the North and Pinkatti village in the South. According to some reports, that there was a flood in this area earlier, and it was called “Udaippu” afterwards. Another report says that people were looking for pure water and sea side, while searching for such place they found “Udaippankarai”. Later, the name derived from “Udaippu” to “Udaippankarai” to “Udappu”, which is currently being called.
This is a traditional Tamil fishing hamlet, which is situated 150kilometers away from the commercial capital Colombo. A sandy stretch road which is about six kilometers off the Colombo to Puttlam main highway takes to Udappu. It is located on a tip of rectangular shape land between Mundal lake and the sea. Udappu’s current population is 15,000. It’s is believed that their ancestors came from Akka Madam and Thangachchi Madam in Rameshwaram in Southern India in 1630, and settled down in Udappu. This small fishing village has a very strong tradition and custom, which is being followed very strictly by the people of Udappu upto now. The fishing folk of this pristine coastal village has a different custom compared to the other fisher folk in the country. They still follow the same tradition which is being followed in Rameshwaram for weddings, funerals and temple festivals. Drama and theatre and folk songs play a major role while observing these traditions. The vibrant tradition keeps the families close to each other.
...Latent Solutions to Water Scarcity in India | Sramana Mitra on ...
By Guest Author Rohit P. Singh
Water, the fundamental necessity of every extant species on earth, is becoming a source of danger in many parts of the world today. According to a survey by the World Health Organisation (WHO), unsafe drinking water kills more than 1.5 million children per year. More than 1.1 billion people today lack access to clean water, and 2.6 billion people lack access to basic sanitation. As we know that only 1% of water on earth is drinkable, as 97% is saline and 2% is in the form of glaciers, a global population of over 6 billion people that is increasing at a rate of around 80 million people per year can only be supplied with clean water if we find a sustainable method to convert saline water into clean water.
Desalination, which is the conversion of seawater containing salts and minerals to potable water through various physical and chemical methods, has emerged as a potential solution to India’s and the world’s looming water crisis. India has taken steps towards commissioning desalination plants to meet the needs of people with no access to safe water. The most important issue is the cost-effectiveness of the methodology and the type of energy used for desalination. India has recently built desalination plants that use nuclear and even solar power apart from the conventional fuels. Many factors enter into the capital and operating costs for desalination: capacity and type of plants; plant locations; feed water quality; labor, energy and financing costs; ease of concentrate disposal, the level of instrumentation and automation; and plant reliability. However, as a guideline, the production cost of a brackish water desalination plant is rupees (Rs.) 10 to 15 per cubed meter of water. The production costs for a seawater desalination plant vary between Rs. 40 and 50 per cubed meter, whereas the production costs of desalted water from effluent vary from Rs. 15 to 50 per cubed meter.
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